Dengue Scenario in Malaysia

Dengue Scenario in Malaysia
17 Jan 2017

Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) is not indigenous  to Malaysia. It is believed to originate from Tropical Africa and to have been introduced to Malaysia via India at the turn of the 20th century (Smith, 1956). On the other hand, Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894) is native to Southeast Asia including Malaysia.  Both species are prolific breeders in artificial containers and are vectors of human arboviruses, such as dengue, Zika, yellow fever, chikungunya etc.

Aedes aegypti is the primary vector for dengue (Rudnick, 1986). Aedes albopictus has also been recognized as a secondary vector and is important in the maintenance of dengue  and chikungunya viruses in places where Aedes aegypti is absent or not well established (Pant & Self, 1999).

In recent years, dengue outbreaks have attained epidemic proportions, causing significant public health impact by causing high morbidity and mortality. Presently dengue is the most rapidly spreading vector borne arbovirus infection  globally, with transmission occurring in at least 128 countries and almost 4 billion people are at risk. The number of dengue cases reported to WHO has increased steadily from an average of less than a thousand cases per year globally in the 1950s to more than 3 million cases in 2013.  Dengue is practically the only serious arbovirus in Malaysia, with  120, 836 dengue cases and 336 deaths reported in 2015 (MOH, 2016).

The virus that causes dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) with four antigenically distinct serotypes (DEN-1, DEN 2, DEN 3 and DEN 4) that offer no long-term cross-protective immunity against each other. All 4 serotypes are endemic to Malaysia. Recently DEN 1, DEN-2 and DEN-3  are the dominant circulating serotypes in the country.

Share

wolbadmin

Comments

  1. 3shortly

  2. 3killing

  3. phd dissertation editing help https://professionaldissertationwriting.org/

  4. dissertation help galway https://dissertationwritingcenter.com/

  5. dissertation write up https://dissertationhelpexpert.com/

  6. writing an abstract for a dissertation https://accountingdissertationhelp.com/

  7. best rated essay writing service https://examplesofdissertation.com/

  8. mba dissertation help https://writing-a-dissertation.net/

  9. how do i write a dissertation https://bestdissertationwritingservice.net/

  10. cheap dissertation help in los angeles https://businessdissertationhelp.com/

  11. doctoral dissertation help history https://dissertationhelpspecialist.com/

  12. writing the dissertation https://dissertationhelperhub.com/

  13. phd dissertation writing https://customthesiswritingservices.com/

  14. online cash casino https://newlasvegascasinos.com/

  15. grande vegas online casino https://trust-online-casino.com/

  16. vegas casino online no deposit bonus codes 2021 https://9lineslotscasino.com/

  17. caesars online casino https://free-online-casinos.net/

  18. casino streaming online https://cybertimeonlinecasino.com/

  19. miami casino online https://1freeslotscasino.com/

  20. iowa online casino https://vrgamescasino.com/

  21. online casino credit card https://casino-online-roulette.com/

  22. new online casino no deposit bonus https://casino-online-jackpot.com/

  23. best online casino fast payout https://onlineplayerscasino.com/

  24. no deposit online casino bonus codes https://ownonlinecasino.com/

  25. online casino bonuses https://all-online-casino-games.com/

  26. jacks casino online https://casino8online.com/

  27. cyberghost vpn https://ippowervpn.net/

  28. vpn stocks to buy https://imfreevpn.net/

  29. best vpn providers https://superfreevpn.net/

  30. how to get a free vpn https://free-vpn-proxy.com/

  31. best free vpn for ios https://rsvpnorthvalley.com/

  32. gay men dating site https://gay-singles-dating.com/

  33. cruise gay dating https://gayedating.com/

  34. north leeds gay dating https://datinggayservices.com/

  35. free dating sites free https://speedatingwebsites.com/

  36. skip the games dating site free https://datingpersonalsonline.com/

  37. skip the games dating site https://wowdatingsites.com/

  38. meet women free https://zonlinedating.com/

  39. wynn casino online https://onlinecasinos4me.com/

  40. online casino best payouts https://online2casino.com/

  41. captain jack online casino https://casinosonlinex.com/

  42. gay chat roulette https://newgaychat.com/

  43. gay chat las vegas https://gaychatcams.net/

  44. gay daddy cam chat https://gaychatspots.com/

  45. gay college chat rooms no cam needed https://gay-live-chat.net/

  46. free xxx gay interational chat rooms in johnstown, pa https://chatcongays.com/

  47. gay black video chat https://gaychatnorules.com/

  48. free chat lines bie and gay https://gaymusclechatrooms.com/

  49. gay porn chat random https://gayinteracialchat.com/

  50. gay cumshot chat https://gaymanchatrooms.com/

  51. buy a paper online https://term-paper-help.org/

  52. college paper writing service reviews https://uktermpaperwriters.com/

  53. order custom paper https://paperwritinghq.com/

  54. do my college paper https://writepapersformoney.com/

  55. scientific paper writing services https://write-my-paper-for-me.org/

  56. order custom papers https://doyourpapersonline.com/

  57. someone write my paper for me https://top100custompapernapkins.com/

  58. professional paper writers https://researchpaperswriting.org/

  59. write my paper reviews https://writingpaperservice.net/

  60. what should i write my paper on https://buyessaypaperz.com/

  61. buy a philosophy paper https://mypaperwritinghelp.com/

  62. buy dissertation paper https://writemypaperquick.com/

  63. ghost writer college papers https://premiumpapershelp.com/

  64. custom written papers https://ypaywallpapers.com/

  65. how to write my paper https://studentpaperhelp.com/

  66. 2deep-rooted

  67. coursework help uk https://brainycoursework.com/

  68. coursework planner https://courseworkninja.com/

  69. help with coursework https://mycourseworkhelp.net/

  70. coursework questions https://courseworkinfotest.com/

  71. coursework writer https://coursework-expert.com/

  72. buy coursework online https://teachingcoursework.com/

  73. coursework support https://buycoursework.org/

  74. do my coursework online https://courseworkdomau.com/

  75. casualdatelocal247 https://freewebdating.net/

  76. online dating best sites https://jewish-dating-online.net/

  77. dating websites best https://datingwebsiteshopper.com/

  78. free online dating chat https://allaboutdatingsites.com/

  79. adult dating married https://freewebdating.net/

Comments are closed.