The Toxicology and Pharmacology Unit at the Institute for Medical Research is a specialized research and service unit dedicated to advancing high-quality preclinical safety and efficacy evaluation of pharmaceuticals, biologics, and natural products, particularly medicinal plants and herbal formulations. The unit aims to support the safe use and development of these products through rigorous scientific assessment aligned with internationally recognized guidelines, including those of the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The unit conducts comprehensive in vitro and in vivo toxicological and pharmacological studies, including acute (single-dose), sub-acute, and sub-chronic toxicity assessments using established animal models, particularly rodents. These studies are supported by detailed histopathological, haematological, biochemical, and clinical pathology analyses to ensure robust data generation. In vitro cytotoxicity testing and genetic toxicology assessments, including AMES test, Comet assay, and in vivo and in vitro micronucleus assays, are also performed. In addition, the unit undertakes reproductive and developmental toxicity studies, as well as organ-specific and mechanistic investigations targeting key organs such as the liver, heart, and kidneys, and systems including immune and neurological pathways. Advanced model systems, including zebrafish and emerging organoid platforms, are utilized to investigate disease mechanisms, toxicity pathways, drug responses, and herb–drug interactions. The unit also plays an active role in capacity building by offering structured laboratory training programmes covering cell culture techniques, zebrafish husbandry and experimental design, and modern approaches in biomedical and toxicological research. Through its research activities and training initiatives, the unit contributes significantly to the development of safe and effective therapeutic interventions while supporting national and international collaborations. Its commitment to scientific excellence, regulatory compliance, and innovation positions the unit as a key contributor to translational research and preclinical development in Malaysia.